Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (also known as CAR T cells) are T cells that have been genetically engineered to produce an artificial T-cell receptor for use in immunotherapy.
CAR-T cell therapy uses T cells engineered with CARs (usually scFv or sdAb) for cancer therapy. The premise of CAR-T immunotherapy is to modify T cells to recognize cancer cells in order to more effectively target and destroy them.
Affinity of the extracellular binding domain to antigen significantly affects the targeting and killing ability of CAR-T cell.
A.J. Smith et al. 2016. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for malignant cancers: Summary and perspective
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Figure 1. Representative of flow cytometry analysis of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells and non-transduced control cells 10 days after transduction. Cells were stained with anti-CD3 antibody and anti-FLAG (CD19-FLAG) antibody.
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Figure 2. Functional validations of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells. (A) Cytotoxicity assay was performed to validate anti-CD19 CAR-T cytotoxic function at a ratio of 20:1 (CAR-T: Raji) for 24 hours. Raji (CD19 positive) cells were engineered to express luciferase and the cytotoxicity effects can be inferred by the reduction of bioluminescence signal. (B) Cytokine production by activated CD19 CAR-T cells in response to its target - Raji cells. The supernatant was analyzed by ELISA for IFN-γ secretion from anti-CD19 CAR-T cells.